Paraphrase chắc hẳn là một khái niệm vô cùng quen thuộc với những bạn đã à đang học IELTS đúng không nhỉ?
Tuy nhiên đây là một kĩ năng tuy cần thiết vô cùng nhưng không phải ai cũng có, vậy giờ hãy cùng IELTS Trang Nguyễn tìm hiểu 25 cách paraphrase đơn giản nhất để cùng nâng cao band điểm IELTS của nhé!
I, Paraphrase là gì?
Paraphrase hiểu 1 cách đơn giản là viết lại 1 câu (dùng từ đồng nghĩa, hay các cấu trúc khác,…) mà không làm thay đổi nghĩa của câu gốc.
Example:
- Câu gốc: Water is essential for life on Earth. (Nước thiết yếu cho sự sống trên Trái Đất)
- Câu đã được paraphrase: Water is important to all living things on Earth. (Nước quan trọng đối với mọi sinh vật sống trên Trái Đất)
Hai câu trên có nghĩa giống nhau, nhưng từ vựng sử dụng là khác nhau.
II, Các cách paraphrase dùng cho phần lớn các câu
1 – Dùng từ đồng nghĩa (synonyms)
- Câu gốc: This trend has both positive and negative consequences.
- Câu đã được paraphrase: This trend has both benefits and drawbacks.
2 – Chủ động & Bị động
- The government should encourage factories to use renewable energy instead of fossil fuels.
(Chính phủ nên khuyến khích các nhà máy sử dụng năng lượng tái tạo thay vì nhiên liệu hóa thạch)
- Factories should be encouraged to use renewable energy instead of fossil fuels.
(Các nhà máy nên được khuyến khích sử dụng năng lượng tái tạo thay vì nhiên liệu hóa thạch.)
- renewable energy → environmentally-friendly energy sources such as solar or water power
- Factories → factories and power plants
- instead of → rather than
- Factories and power plants should be encouraged to use environmentally-friendly energy sources such as solar or water power rather than fossil fuels.
(Các nhà máy và các trạm năng lượng nên được khuyến khích sử dụng các nguồn năng lượng thân thiện với môi trường như năng lượng nước hay mặt trời hơn là nhiên liệu hóa thạch).
3 – Đổi thể loại từ
- Advertisements help customers to choose better products.
- Advertisements help customers to make better shopping choices.
4 – Dùng chủ ngữ giả
– Some people believe that smoking should be banned.
– It is believed that smoking should be banned.
5 – Thay đổi trật tự từ trong câu
- Parents today are too busy with their jobs, so they do not have enough time to take care of their children.
- Parents today do not have enough time to take care of their children because they are too busy with their jobs.
- These days, parents could not spend enough time with their offspring due to their busy work schedules.
- today → these days
- do not have enough time to take care of their children → could not spend enough time with their offspring
- because → due to
- they are too busy with their jobs → their busy work schedules
III, Cách paraphrase với các cụm từ thông dụng trong IELTS Speaking và IELTS Writing
Paraphrase với “ so” and “ such”
- The film was so good that I saw it three times. => It was such a good film that I saw it three times.
- It is such a bad book that nobody reads it. => This book is so bad that nobody reads it.
Paraphrase với “ too” and “ enough”
- Mary is too young to get married. => Mary isn’t old enough to get married.
- The tea was not cool enough for her to drink. => The tea was too hot for her to drink.
Paraphrase với “Because”, “Because of” and “As”
- Because she behaves well, everybody loves her. => Because of her good behaviour, everybody loves her.
- Because of his bad behavior, he must be punished. => As he behaved badly, he must be punished.
Paraphrase với “ Although”, “ Despite/In spite of” and “ Though”
- Although it rains, we go to school on time. => Despite / In spite of the rain, we go to school on time.
- Despite the noise, we continued to study our lessons. => Though it was very noisy, we continued to study our lessons
Paraphrase với “ so”, “ such “ and “ too”
- This raincoat is so small that she can’t wear it. /=> This raincoat is too small for her to wear.
- It was such an interesting novel that I read it many times. => The novel was interesting enough for me to read many
Paraphrase với “ enough” and “ so”, “ too”
- This question is easy enough for us to answer. => This question is so easy that we can
- The box was too heavy for the child to carry. => It was such a heavy box that the child couldn’t carry
Paraphrase với (Câu điều kiện)
Note: Clause1 + so + clause2 = If + clause1 … , clause2 = Clause1 + because + clause2
Ex:
- He can’t do the test because it is too difficult. => If the test weren’t too difficult, he could do it.
- I didn’t eat anything so I was hungry. => I wouldn’t have been hungry if I had eaten something.
Paraphrase với “If …not” và “ Unless” ( nếu không)
Note: Không được thay đổi loại điều kiện, chỉ thay đổi loại điều kiện đã cho.
Ex:
- Unless it rains, we will go to the movies (loại 1) => If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the movies. (loại 1)
- If they didn’t attend class regularly, they couldn’t understand the lesson (loại 2) => Unless they attended class regularly, they couldn’t understand the lesson. (loại 2)
Paraphrase với “ for” and “ since”
Ex:
- Tom and Mary have been married for five years= It is five years since Tom and Mary were married.
- I haven’t seen my father for one month= It’s one month since I last saw my father.
Paraphrase với Wish(Câu ao ước)
Ex:
- She won’t visit me again. => I wish she would visit me again.
- My wife can’t speak French. => I wish my wife could speak
- What a pity you failed in your driving test. => I wish you hadn’t failed in your driving
Paraphrase với “ haven’t + P2” và “ the last time”
Ex:
- I haven’t heard him since August. The last time I heard him was in August.
- I manage him since I was a student. I last saw him when I was a student.
Paraphrase với “ have + P2” and “ started + Ving”
Ex:
- He started working for this factory a year ago. = He has been working for this factory for a year./ He has been working for this factory since last year.
Paraphrase với “ it takes +Sb+ time”
Ex:
She typed the letter in 20 minutes. It took her 20 minutes to type the letter.
I walked to my office in 10 minutes. It took me 10 minutes to walk to my office.
Paraphrase với “until”
Ex:
- Tom didn’t begin to read until he was eight= It was not until Tom was eight that he began to read.
Paraphrase với (Câu bị động)
Ex: The police are questioning him => He is being questioned by the police.
Paraphrase với so sánh hơn “better at”
Ex: Susan isn’t as good at chemistry as Sarah. = Sarah is better at chemistry than Suan.
Paraphrase với “ so sánh kép”
Ex: As he grows older, he becomes increasingly cheerful. = The older he grows, the more cheerful he becomes.
Paraphrase với “ take time” and “ spend time”
It takes sb+khoảng thời gian+to do sth = sb spend +khoảng thời gian doing sth
Ex: It took her 3 hours to do her homework= She spent 3hours doing her homework
Paraphrase với “ interesting”, “ keen on “,..
To be interesting in =fond of=keen on=like
Ex: She likes English= She is interested in English
Paraphrase với “Succeed” and “manage”
Succeed in doing sth= Sb manage to do sth : Ai đó thành công trong việc làm gì
Ex: We succeed in invented television = We managed to invent television
→ Trên đây là các cấu trúc mà cô hay dùng và thấy hiệu quả. Cô hy vọng các em có thể áp dụng các cấu trúc này trong bài viết cũng như bài nói trong phần thi IELTS Writing của mình nhé.